Building a Hedge Fund Incubator.
For building a track record, filing paperwork, and raising funds, we will learn some strategies on how to build a Hedge Fund Incubator. By now, you may already be familiar with General Partnerships (GP) and Limited Partnerships (LP). Incubators receive funds from GPs and invest in LPs (funds). If you don't have a track record yet, I will recommend using a GP instead of an outside investor.
How is an Incubator Fund structured?
Incubator funds are typically structured through the formation of two separate entities. A limited liability company (LLC) acts as the investment manager or general partner of the fund (or managing director if the fund is an LLC); the person who manages the fund is usually the managing director of the investment manager. This structure provides you and your investors with limited personal liability and preferential tax treatment. This mechanism also makes it easy to convert incubator funds into full-fledged funds when you are ready.
Other than that, the only benefactor of the fund is that he is a member of the GP. GP members are team members such as traders, managers, or contributors. This is a great approach, as you don't have to deal with licensing.
So, what if a friend or family member wants to invest? No, unless they are part of a GP. However, during the incubator stage, preparations can be made to attract external investors (complete documentation, investor attraction, etc.). When you're ready, transfer your outside investors' money and launch your hedge fund smoothly. This was how to make a hedge fund incubator! It's a simple approach with tremendous potential.
Performance data can be sent to investors at any time during the incubation period. In my experience, the manager usually incubates the fund for 3 months to 12 months before converting it into a full-fledged hedge fund. The longer the track record, the more attractive the investment will look to potential hedge fund investors. Additional deposits or withdrawals can be made during the incubation period. Fund performance is measured as the rate of return on assets under management, regardless of the amount invested in or withdrawn from the fund. However, to make it easier to calculate the return of the fund, you should limit your deposits and withdrawals. On the other hand, as an administrator, I can assist in many of the ongoing operations of a full-fledged hedge fund, including processing subscription and redemption requests, providing net asset value calculations, preparing monthly reports, and calculating fees. Fees for a hedge fund administrator can range from $500 to $3,000 or more per month. Establishing an incubator fund will allow you to develop a track record without incurring the costs of a third-party fund administrator.
Hedge funds typically use a "2/20" fee structure. Management fees are typically 2% of the fund's total assets. If the hedge fund performs well, the investor can expect to pay the manager 20% of the profits. These potentially huge fees create incentives for managers to take greater risks. One of the main reasons for the growing popularity of incubator funds is their cost-effectiveness. Generally, an incubator hedge fund can be set up for $2,500 to $3,500, plus a government application fee for setting up the fund and management company. You may use any brokerage firm to launch your incubator fund. Once the fund is formed and you have received the organizational paperwork and partnership agreement, you can open a brokerage account and start trading.
If a potential hedge fund investor is unlikely to be a US person or a US tax-exempt person, it may be desirable to establish an offshore incubator fund from a long-term perspective. The cost of setting up an offshore incubator is usually higher than setting up an onshore incubator, and the process takes a little longer, but in certain circumstances, offshore funds can be attractive. As a partnership, the Fund is a US tax pass-through entity. This means that the fund's realized income and profits are taxed only at the investor level (i.e., not taxed at the partnership level). Various tax items included in an investor's tax return on Form 1040, Schedule K-1, and equivalent state tax forms retain their taxable characteristics for investors.
Do I need a license or registration to manage an incubator fund?
However, each state has distinctive registration requirements and exemptions. If a state requires a manager to be registered with the securities department as an investment adviser, the manager must pass an examination and submit a detailed application. Many investment advisor exemptions also require the filing of a Form ADV.
Converting an incubator fund into a fully-fledged hedge fund is usually a straightforward process, with existing units already in place and potential investors with a marketable track record. When you are ready to launch, you should consult an attorney about preparing the fund's formal offering materials, including a private placement memorandum, partnership agreements, and subscription materials. You may also need to use additional service providers, such as third-party managers, before launching full-fledged hedge funds. Some managers incubate multiple funds to create a track record of different strategies. By having the same management company act as a general partner and investment advisor for each fund, multiple funds can be efficiently managed.
There are no minimum investment requirements to start an incubator fund (unless your broker dictates a minimum account size). However, you should consider your investment strategy and potential investor group when determining how much capital is tied up. You can seed the incubator fund with your IRA (Individual Retirement Account). However, IRA investments may, under certain circumstances, violate applicable rules regarding prohibited transactions under ERISA (the Employee Retirement Income Security Act). You should always consult an attorney before transferring assets from your IRA to an incubator fund.